ABSTRACT
Objective. To evaluate safety of anti-interleukin drugs used as a pathogenetic therapy of COVID-19 as assessed by risks of infectious complications. Materials and methods. A systematic review of publications related to safety assessment of anti-interleukin drugs recommended as pathogenetic therapy in COVID-19 patients in terms of incidence of serious adverse events and adverse events of "Infections and Invasions" class and a meta-analysis of the data were performed. Results. The meta-analysis included 16 randomized and 3 non-randomized studies. The hazard ratio of serious adverse events between the comparison groups was 0.93 [95% CI 0.85;1.01] (p = 0.1), the hazard ratio of adverse event of "Infections and Invasions" class was 0.9 [95% CI 0.8;1.02] (p = 0.09), showing no differences in the incidence of those events. Conclusions. This meta-analysis did not demonstrate statistically significant differences in the relative risks of serious adverse events and adverse events of "Infections and Invasions" class for the use of anti-interleukin drugs in COVID-19 patients.Copyright © 2022, Interregional Association for Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: Evaluation of the safety of drugs for preventive pathogenetic therapy of a newcoronavirus infection COVID-19 with the of Janus kinase inhibitors. Method(s): A systematic review with a meta-analysis was conducted based on search queries in international databases. Search strategy included queries for controlled studies on the use of baricitinib and tofacitinib recommended for use as a preventive therapy for mild and moderate cases of a new coronavirus infection. Result(s): Data were obtained from three randomized clinical trials. A meta-analysis of the results regarding the total number of serious adverse events (AEs) and adverse events belonging to the class "Infections and infestations" showed statistically significant evidence on the greater safety of baricitinib and tofacitinib in relation to the risks of these events compared with standard therapy: the risk ratio (RR) of serious adverse events in the comparison groups was 0.82 [95%, CI 0.69;0.96] (p=0.02), the risk ratio of "Infections and invasions" was 0.78 [95% CI 0.63;0.97] (p=0.03). In both cases RR was in favor of the use of Janus kinase inhibitors. Conclusion(s): The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated a favorable safety profile of baricitinib and tofacitinib when used in patients with COVID-19 in relation to the risks of developing serious AEs, as well as infections. Conducting studies of various designs in a wider patient population will allow more accurate assessment of the risks of developing secondary bacterial infections against the background of short-term use of Janus kinase inhibitors as part of their use as a preventive pathogenetic therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Copyright © 2022
ABSTRACT
Objective. To evaluate safety of anti-interleukin drugs used as a pathogenetic therapy of COVID-19 as assessed by risks of infectious complications. Materials and methods. A systematic review of publications related to safety assessment of anti-interleukin drugs recommended as pathogenetic therapy in COVID-19 patients in terms of incidence of serious adverse events and adverse events of “Infections and Invasions” class and a meta-analysis of the data were performed. Results. The meta-analysis included 16 randomized and 3 non-randomized studies. The hazard ratio of serious adverse events between the comparison groups was 0.93 [95% CI 0.85;1.01] (p = 0.1), the hazard ratio of adverse event of “Infections and Invasions” class was 0.9 [95% CI 0.8;1.02] (p = 0.09), showing no differences in the incidence of those events. Conclusions. This meta-analysis did not demonstrate statistically significant differences in the relative risks of serious adverse events and adverse events of “Infections and Invasions” class for the use of anti-interleukin drugs in COVID-19 patients. © 2022, Interregional Association for Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Objective. The aim of the work was to analyze the results and treatment of acute appendicitis (AA) in patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) COVID-19. Material and methods. From March 16, 2020 to October 31, 2021, 139 patients with suspected AA were tread. In 104 patients (62 men and 42 women) the diagnosis of AA was confirmed. Inclusion criteria were: AA, a positive PCR (polymerase chain re-action) result for COVID-19, or a characteristic picture of viral pneumonia for COVID-19 based on computed tomography (CT). To clarify the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, all patients underwent CT scan of the abdominal organs. Results. When evaluating the symptoms of AA in patients with COVID-19, no specific signs were identified. The systematic inflammatory response could be due to both surgical disease and viral infection, making it difficult to interpret the chang-es. But, in 88 patients (84.61%) in the blood test was leukocytosis from 11.81 to 34.83·109/l, which is uncommon for patients with COVID-19 at the onset of the disease. The average time from the onset of clinical manifestations of AA to the operation was 57±14 hours. 139 diagnostic laparoscopies were performed. The diagnosis of AA was confirmed in 104 patients. 102 patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy with pelvic drainage. One patient had laparotomy, appendectomy, intestinal intubation. One patient had laparoscopic resection of Meckel’s diverticulum plus appendectomy. A positive PCR result for SARS-CoV-2 effu-sion from the abdominal cavity was confirmed in 45 out of 75 patients (60%). According to the results of a pathomorphological study, 89 (85.58%) patients had phlegmonous appendicitis, 8 (7.69%) had gangrenous appendicitis, and 7 (6.73%) had gangre-nous-perforated appendicitis. Mortality was 0.96% (1 patient). Conclusion. Diagnostic problems of AA in patients with COVID-19 are associated with difficulties in interpreting local symptoms and systemic inflammatory response. Laparoscopy is the leading diagnostic method for suspected AA, including patients with COVID-19. In the absence of severe pneumonia, laparoscopic appendectomy is possible in most patients. All operations should be carried out in accordance with anti-epidemic measures. The clinical significance of detecting SARS-CoV-2 in the abdominal cavity needs further evaluation. The prognosis for patients is determined to a greater extent by the course of COVID-19. The tactics of treatment of patients with COVID-19, for whom surgical intervention is associated with an extremely high risk, needs to be clarified. © 2022, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.